Manufacturing process Essay Example for Free

Manufacturing process Essay ?What are two items regarding the manufacturing process related to the organization that the team finds unique or interesting? One of the processes that we found interesting concerning the Coca Cola Company is that the company operates through multiple local channels. The operation is set-up to manufacture, sell concentrates, beverages bases and syrups with partnerships with within the local regions in the world. This occurs because Coca Cola is comprised of many bottling partners who manufacture, package merchandise, and distribute the final branded beverages through local customers and vending partners worldwide who then sell to their local consumers with in their region of distribution. This is a unique operation because most consumers would think that Coca Cola is located at one place of operation and distributed worldwide. Another unique aspect that we found interesting is that Coca Cola has a conservation process called Sustainable Packaging. This process starts with the company having and showing an active role with recovery and recycling process. One way they are in the forefront in this process is that they support and invest the placement of several thousand recycling bins in public areas every year. They also directly invested in six plastic bottle to bottle recycling plants around the world, these plants process millions of pounds of material each year. This process helps to produce new packaging along with other items within the company. These innovated conservation awareness processed has gain favorably and partnership with Ocean Conservation and Keep America BEAUTIFUL. These two process from producing the product to investing in conservation show the cradle to grave aspect of the Coca Cola Company.

Symbolism in Farenheight 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay -- Farenheight 451

Symbolism in Farenheight 451 by Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury is a futuristic novel, taking the reader to a time where books and thinking are outlawed. In a time so dreadful where those who want to better themselves by thinking, and by reading are outlaws as well. Books and ideas are burned, books are burned physically, whereas ideas are burned from the mind. Bradbury uses literary devices, such as symbolism, but it is the idea he wants to convey that makes this novel so devastating. Bradbury warns us of what may happen if we stop expressing our ideas, and we let people take away our books, and thoughts. Bradbury notices what has been going on in the world, with regards to censorship, and McCarthyism in America. That is what he is speaking out against. Bradbury's use of symbolism throughout the novel makes the book moving and powerful by using symbolism to reinforce the ideas of anti-censorship. The Hearth and the Salamander, the title of part one, is the first example of symbolism. The title suggests two things having to do with fire, the hearth is a source of warmth and goodness, showing the positive, non-destructive side of fire. Whereas a salamander is a small lizard-like amphibian, and also in mythology, is known to endure fire without getting burnt by it. Perhaps the salamander is symbolic of Guy Montag, who is being described as a salamander because he works with fire, and endures it, but believes that he can escape the fire and survive, much like a salamander does. On the other hand, it is ironic that Guy, and the other firemen believe themselves to be salamanders because both Capt. Beatty's and Montag's destruction comes from the all mighty flame, from which they thought they were invincible. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. This quote accurately describes the Phoenix, "It is known to be a mythical multi-colored bird of Arabia, with a long history of artistic and literary symbolism, the Phoenix is one of a kind. At the end of its five-hundred-year existence, it perches on its nest of spices and sings until sunlight ignites the masses. After the body is consumed in flames, a worm emerges and develops into the next Phoenix.". The Phoenix symbolizes the rebirth after destruction by fire, only to get burnt, and be destroyed again. Firemen wear the Phoenix on their uniforms, and Capt. Beatty symbolically ... ... was the Nazi book burning that took place after Hitler came to power. These burings took place to eliminate Jewish and outside ingluence on the Aryans, which is precisely what Bradbury demonstrates in this extraordinary piece of literature. Now to the probability portion of my statement, with the censorship by various parties, political and otherwise it is not unlikely that such a catasrophy could happen again, although it could come in the form of simply choking off the undesireable ideas. Symbolism added to the power and overall affect behind this book. The symbols were usually descriptive of something or somebody, such as the Phoenix, and the salamander. Whereas destruction and fire came to be a symbol in the eyes of the reader throughout the novel. Perhaps this novel, written in the early 1950's, spoke out against the future, and spoke out against censorship, but one thing is for sure, we must always attempt to better ourselves with knowledge, and always form our own ideas. If we do, then we will have gotten the message of Ray Bradbury. "There is no knowledge that is not power... And all our lives we must search for power, and in that search, we gain knowledge."(Anonymous) Symbolism in Farenheight 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay -- Farenheight 451 Symbolism in Farenheight 451 by Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury is a futuristic novel, taking the reader to a time where books and thinking are outlawed. In a time so dreadful where those who want to better themselves by thinking, and by reading are outlaws as well. Books and ideas are burned, books are burned physically, whereas ideas are burned from the mind. Bradbury uses literary devices, such as symbolism, but it is the idea he wants to convey that makes this novel so devastating. Bradbury warns us of what may happen if we stop expressing our ideas, and we let people take away our books, and thoughts. Bradbury notices what has been going on in the world, with regards to censorship, and McCarthyism in America. That is what he is speaking out against. Bradbury's use of symbolism throughout the novel makes the book moving and powerful by using symbolism to reinforce the ideas of anti-censorship. The Hearth and the Salamander, the title of part one, is the first example of symbolism. The title suggests two things having to do with fire, the hearth is a source of warmth and goodness, showing the positive, non-destructive side of fire. Whereas a salamander is a small lizard-like amphibian, and also in mythology, is known to endure fire without getting burnt by it. Perhaps the salamander is symbolic of Guy Montag, who is being described as a salamander because he works with fire, and endures it, but believes that he can escape the fire and survive, much like a salamander does. On the other hand, it is ironic that Guy, and the other firemen believe themselves to be salamanders because both Capt. Beatty's and Montag's destruction comes from the all mighty flame, from which they thought they were invincible. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. This quote accurately describes the Phoenix, "It is known to be a mythical multi-colored bird of Arabia, with a long history of artistic and literary symbolism, the Phoenix is one of a kind. At the end of its five-hundred-year existence, it perches on its nest of spices and sings until sunlight ignites the masses. After the body is consumed in flames, a worm emerges and develops into the next Phoenix.". The Phoenix symbolizes the rebirth after destruction by fire, only to get burnt, and be destroyed again. Firemen wear the Phoenix on their uniforms, and Capt. Beatty symbolically ... ... was the Nazi book burning that took place after Hitler came to power. These burings took place to eliminate Jewish and outside ingluence on the Aryans, which is precisely what Bradbury demonstrates in this extraordinary piece of literature. Now to the probability portion of my statement, with the censorship by various parties, political and otherwise it is not unlikely that such a catasrophy could happen again, although it could come in the form of simply choking off the undesireable ideas. Symbolism added to the power and overall affect behind this book. The symbols were usually descriptive of something or somebody, such as the Phoenix, and the salamander. Whereas destruction and fire came to be a symbol in the eyes of the reader throughout the novel. Perhaps this novel, written in the early 1950's, spoke out against the future, and spoke out against censorship, but one thing is for sure, we must always attempt to better ourselves with knowledge, and always form our own ideas. If we do, then we will have gotten the message of Ray Bradbury. "There is no knowledge that is not power... And all our lives we must search for power, and in that search, we gain knowledge."(Anonymous)

Nike Incorporation

Nike is a world class company that manufactures and markets a wide large of sports equipments such as sports, balls, t-shirts, tracks, uniforms for various sporting activities such as football, basketball, athletics, cricket, tennis and golf. The company was in incorporated in the year 1968 in the state of Oregon, it main business being to design and manufacture the best foot wear and other accessory products. But, Nike has grown to be a world class company that sells well branded and expensive products that are well known for their high quality. Nike trademark of â€Å"just do it† is well known, and it relates to the sporting spirit. The company has more than 500 plants in more than 45 countries.[1] Nike did not experience much competition until in 1980s and 90s when Reebok and European counterparts Adidas and Puma entered the market. But Reebok was purchased by Adidas in 2006 thus Adidas is the one giving Nike competition. Nike has been the main player on the footwear market until then, the company controlled about 30% of the United States market, Reebok enjoyed about 20% followed by other companies like Adidas and Puma. Nikes abroad sales went up to $2 billion by 1995 and were leading by having 40% of total sales in footwear. [2] The marketing strategy of Nike has been the biggest success of the company. Nike has premium brands, and offers the market high quality and expensive products. The company creates a brand image which is achieved by the unique logo of a (tick) and a slogan of â€Å"just do it† which attracts lots of customers. The company also does promotional activities of its products by entering into sponsorship deals with world class football stars, celebrity athletes, national teams, and also college athletic. Nevertheless Nike has mixed it marketing strategies and has more elements more than promotion.   This other elements are; competitive price, wide range of products, numerous outlets and retailers (more than 20,000), sponsorship and promotion activities. Currently, Nike has a market share of around 37% in the world. The main objective of Nike is to become a leading sport equipment manufacturer in the world and maintain these standards in future. The major client base is the youth and the young adults who mainly buy the sports products from the company. The company has put a lot of attention on products for men, women, and children, and their children’s shoes are now doing very well on the market currently.   The company has created more market by venturing into various market segments and manufacturing more various products. To achieve its objective of being the leader in market business the company is exploiting new markets outside Europe. Nike has also managed to control its market by acquiring other small companies and turning them to manufacture their products. Like in 1998 it’s purchased Cole Hann which was making informal dress and shoes for $180 and cached a base of young people and their sales went up at 23% making a profit of $ 100 millions in 1998. Nike has continued to improve in its brand and marketing and its objective of being â€Å"the greatest sports and fitness company in the world† alongside world class companies like Coca-Cola. Nike gets contracts with individual clients, cooperate clients and even countries and states. The company supplies to them different products, they can be football uniform for a national team, tracksuits for national athletic teams or even tailor made shoes or uniform for specific football stars such as Ranaldhno of Brazil. [3]The market is divided in various segments which can be viewed according to the region There have been many challenges faced by Nike on the marketing side and Nike has done a lot of to recapture the market. These initiatives that Nike undertook was such as creating an ACG (all- conditions gear) unit and Techlab which was meant to market a brand of sports technology products. Such like digital audio player and waist compass these projects were meant to capture sales. In the beginning of 1999 Nike launched its products on the internet and they were directly available to the customers. Nike has continued to expand its market and with a strong marketing team lead by Mr. Perez who has vast experience, the company in 2004, posted profits of more than $1 billion. [4] The company has a high team of human resources managers who are responsible for building a workforce which is effective and efficient. This managers build teams develop the necessary talents that are seriously needed by the organization to perform their duties. The managers also inspire, mentor, set examples, innovate and revolutionize all the employees in order to achieve the best from them. The employees also attend refresher courses seminars and training to keep them in touch with new market trends and technological advancements. In general the public attitude towards the company is good, but the people of Beaverton where the company feel that it should be annexed fro where its headquarters are in Oregon State. But the company feels that the annexing will cost it $700,000 every year in terms of added taxes. The company objective is achieved through proper marketing and advancement in technology by creating high quality products and designing better management approaches to maintain the market. Another aspect the company has done is to create better working conditions and customer relationships as from 2002 Nike addressed the issues of employees exploitations and carried out random company inspections to check the working conditions of its employment. [5] Nike has training programmers to train its employees and advance them with the current market needs. Another thing that the company is involvement in is to improve its company image by getting involved in corporate social responsibilities. The company thus contributions to charities organizations and also organizes social activities for the society, and sponsors individuals and persons. This has greatly improved its image. Nike is also one of the most environmental friendly companies. And this has a very positive image in the eyes of the public which has become much environmental aware. Conclusion Nike is a big organization that commands a large market in the world. It is apparent that to maintains such a market by investing a lot in marketing and research so that it can satisfy its customers and keep up with new trends on the market. Better management skills and quality products are the main ingredient for success for any company. Many obstacles in marketing and management come up to challenge the company including stiff competition. But it is clear that with well and timely adjustments in marketing and advancement in technology and being to be innovative the company has managed to capture and maintain its markets. Therefore for any company to remain profitable and impressive its must embrace prudent management and better technology. References Collingwood, H. (1988): Nike Rushes in Where Reebok Used to Tread; Business Week, October 3, p. 42. Holmes, S. and Christine, T. (2002): How Nike Got Its Game Back; Business Week, November 4, pp. 129-31. Jenkins, H. W. (1998): The Rise and Stumble of Nike; Wall Street Journal, June 3,                [1] Jenkins, H. W. (1998): The Rise and Stumble of Nike;   Wall Street Journal, June 3, [2] Collingwood, H. (1988): Nike Rushes in Where Reebok Used to Tread; Business Week, October 3, p. 42. [3] Collingwood, H. (1988): Nike Rushes in Where Reebok Used to Tread; Business Week, October 3, p. 42. [4] Holmes, S. and Christine, T. (2002): How Nike Got Its Game Back; Business Week, November 4, pp. 129-31. [5] Collingwood, H. (1988): Nike Rushes in Where Reebok Used to Tread; Business Week, October 3, p. 42.

What Makes a Story Newsworthy

Do you want to start covering stories as a reporter, maybe as a student working on a school paper or as a citizen journalist writing for a website or blog?  Or maybe youve nailed down your first reporting job at a major metropolitan daily paper. How do you decide what is newsworthy? What is worth covering and what isn’t? Over the years editors, reporters and journalism professors have come up with a list of factors or criteria that help journalists decide whether something is newsworthy. They can also help you decide just how newsworthy something is. Generally, the more factors below that can be applied to the event, the more newsworthy it is. Impact or Consequences The greater the impact a story has, the more newsworthy it is. Events that have an impact on your readers, that have real consequences for their lives, are bound to be newsworthy. An obvious example would be the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In how many ways have all of our lives been affected by the events of that day? The greater the impact, the bigger the story. Conflict If you look closely at the stories that make news, many of them have some element of conflict. Whether it’s a dispute over banning books at a local school board meeting, bickering over budget legislation in Congress or the ultimate example, war, conflict is almost always newsworthy. Conflict is newsworthy because as human beings we’re naturally interested in it. Think of any book you’ve ever read or movie you’ve ever watched—they all had some type of conflict that increased the dramatic volume. Without conflict, there would be no literature or drama. Conflict is what propels the human story. Imagine two city council meetings. At the first, the council passes its annual budget unanimously with no argument. In the second, there is violent disagreement. Some council members want the budget to provide more city services, while others want a bare-bones budget with tax cuts. The two sides are entrenched in their positions, and the disagreement erupts into a full-scale shouting match. Which story is more interesting? The second, of course. Why? Conflict. Conflict is so interesting to us as humans that it can even make an otherwise dull-sounding story—the passage of a city budget—into something utterly gripping.   Loss of Life/Property Destruction There’s an old saying in the news business: If it bleeds, it leads. What that means is that any story involving loss of human life—from a shooting to a terrorist attack—is newsworthy. Likewise, nearly any story that involves property destruction on a large scale—a house fire is a good example—is also newsworthy. Many stories have both loss of life and property destruction—think of a house fire in which several people perish. Obviously, loss of human life is more important than property destruction, so write the story that way. Proximity Proximity has to do with how close an event is to your readers; this is the basis of newsworthiness for local events. A house fire with several people injured might be big news in your hometown newspaper, but chances are no one will care in the next town over. Likewise, wildfires in California usually make the national news, but clearly, they’re a much bigger story for those directly affected. Prominence Are the people involved in your story famous or prominent? If so, the story becomes more newsworthy. If an average person is injured in a car crash, that might not even make the local news. But if the president of the United States is hurt in a car crash, it makes headlines worldwide. Prominence can apply to anyone who’s in the public eye. But it doesn’t have to mean someone who’s famous worldwide. The mayor of your town probably isn’t famous.  But they are prominent locally, which means any story involving them will be more newsworthy. This is an example of two news values—prominence and proximity. Timeliness In the news business, journalists tend to focus on what’s happening today. So events happening now are often more newsworthy than those that happened, say, a week ago. This is where the term old news comes from, meaning worthless. Another factor that relates to timeliness is currency. This involves stories that might not have just happened but instead, have an ongoing interest to your audience. For example, the rise and fall in  gas prices  have been happening for years, but it’s still relevant to your readers, so it has currency. Novelty Another old saying in the news business goes, â€Å"When a dog bites a man, no one cares. When the man bites back—now that’s a news story.† The idea is that any deviation from the normal course of events is novel and thus newsworthy. Human Interest Human interest stories tend to be feature stories and often break some of the rules mentioned above. They tend to pull on our heartstrings, looking more at the human condition. You might, for example, see a story about the high-powered bank executive who cashed in early from the high life to live in a cabin and carve wooden figures.

The Knife Of A Murderess - 987 Words

The Knife of a Murderess Throughout history, many Shakespearean scholars and enthusiasts have examined the relationship between Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth. One objective purpose for closely examining their relationship is to determine who was acting as the greater evil of the pair or to determine if one could have acted without their partner in crime. Although many people view Lady Macbeth as the devoted wife who merely wished to help her husband gain control of the throne, it is Lady Macbeth who successfully manipulates her husband into committing murder by preying upon his ambitious flaw. The cruelty of Macbeth and his wife can be observed in multiple scenes throughout the play; however, there are two soliloquies which require a closer reading. Based on a closer reading of two separate soliloquies, one performed by each character, it can be seen that Lady Macbeth proves to be far from just an initiator in King Duncan’s murder. It is Lady Macbeth who proves to be crue ler and more villainous than her husband, and it is Lady Macbeth who manipulates her husband thus turning him into the monstrous killer he becomes. In two separate soliloquies performed by Macbeth and his wife, the word â€Å"knife† appears. During Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy in 1.5.36-52, she is describing her intentions for the murdering of King Duncan with a knife. Throughout her soliloquy, Lady Macbeth is asking the evil spirits to fill her with cruelty and strip her of her feminism in order to fulfillShow MoreRelatedShort Story1734 Words   |  7 Pageshim down. But he remembers. The lady with the green eyes and blood red lips had walked down a slum hallway to order him an assignment. He was in his boxers and had half a hangover to recover. And she had a knife at his throat. Those two piercing items made him freeze. He could have taken the knife and stab her in â€Å"defense,† but eyes with that type of fire can make a man like Bronson think about his decisions. Bronson gets out the leathered case on the table. He makes sure he doesn’t hit the cup ofRead MoreBurial Rites By Hannah Kent1251 Words   |  6 Pagesand overall enjoyed by all with only some criticisms. When people first heard what Hannah Kent was writing about they were quite sceptical of the topic. This was because young Australian authors were expected to write about Australia, not about a murderess in some far away country. This view quickly changed when the book was published. Many people praise her for embracing a non-Australian subject. Book reviewer, Catherine Taylor states, â€Å"†¦its gut-churning fear, holds an exhilaration that bordersRead MoreThe Musical Theatre And Film1607 Words   |  7 Pagesand trials, Chicago follows Roxie Hart, a wannabe vaudevillian star who murders her lover and is arrested, despite her attempts to convince her pushover husband, Amos, to lie for her. In the Cook County Jail, Roxie meets her hero, the famed double-murderess and nightclub performer Velma Kelly. When both acquire the same lawyer, the greedy and lustful superstar, Billy Flynn, tensions come to a head as they vie for the spotlight-- though instead of onstage, they’re mugging for the flashbulb of the newspaper

Why is it Important to Create an Inclusive Learning...

Creating an inclusive learning environment is an extremely important aspect of modern education, which, according to Gravells (2008: p18), ensures that â€Å"[†¦] all learners are entitled to be treated with respect and dignity. Everyone is an individual, with different experiences, abilities and needs.† She also offers a brief explanation of inclusivity (2008: p18), which is â€Å"[†¦] involving all learners in relevant activities rather than excluding them for any reason directly or indirectly.† Inclusion has also been defined by John Tomlinson (1996: p26) as â€Å"the greatest degree of match or fit between individual learning requirements and provision†. In the other words, inclusive learning environment nurtures individual potential of all learners,†¦show more content†¦The main objective of differentiation is to promote inclusive learning environment, by identifying and addressing the individual needs of all learners and working towards r emoving any barriers they may have. The most effective method of differentiating is to ensure that resources and assessment methods, as well as teaching and learning approaches meet individual learner needs. According to Francis and Gould (2013) setting a single objective for a whole group will not be appropriate for all learners, due to the diversity of the group, therefore, as Gravells (2008) suggests we must identify the learning needs, styles, aspirations and potential of our learners. At this very stage, any barriers and boundaries should be identified, so the teaching and learning approaches, assessment methods and resources can be planned accordingly. When setting up an inclusive learning environment we need to focus on individual differences. 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Cryptography in Network Security-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Role of Cryptography in Network Security Principles and Practice. Answer: Overview of the interested area The area that has been chosen for literature search and review is Cryptography. It has been chosen as the area of research as in this modern world of electronic communication, the security of data is a major concern. Hence, Cryptography plays an important role in ensuring that data is protected and unauthorized access is restricted. This area is rising to be the emerging trend in network security as it will allow the people to be confident upon the electronic world. The interest in this area of research is growing rapidly as Cryptography is related to security of networks and data. Importance of chosen research papers The six papers that have been chosen for this literature research are being presented in the below section along with details of the work reflected in each paper. The papers been chosen for this study are of utmost importance as those illustrates on the concept of cryptography and the role being played by it for the security of data as well as networks. The discussions based on various cryptographic techniques have also been reflected in the research papers to demonstrate the suitable techniques that can be or are being used in real world applications. Hence, the six papers that have been chosen are critical for this literature research on cryptography. Brief overview of work presented in each paper Paper 1 Kumar, S.N., 2015. Review on Network Security and Cryptography. International Transaction of Electrical and Computer Engineers System, 3(1), pp.1-11. In this paper, the author has made an attempt to review the concept of cryptography and network security. There is large amount of data being produced daily in organizations with the increasing usage of Internet, e-commerce applications as well as social networks. The most critical issue that is rising in context to data is security to ensure that information is transmitted safely. The issues of network security is also arising as one of the important aspect in this age of digital information. Hence, in this paper Kumar (2015), has discussed about the various cryptographic algorithms being used in network applications. Paper 2 Joshi, M.R. and Karkade, R.A., 2015. Network security with cryptography. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing IJCSMCVol, 4, pp.201-204. In this paper, the authors Joshi and Karkade (2015), have presented network security and cryptography as the concept of protecting the network along with transmission of data being carried out over wireless networks. In an unreliable network, the major concern while data transmission is security of the data or information. The security of a network comprises of authorization so that data can be accessed in a network which is under the control of network administrator. The work that has been presented in this paper comprises of the importance of cryptography, principles of cryptography and the various types of cryptographic systems. Paper 3 Babita, E. and Kaur, E.G., 2017. A Review: Network Security Based On Cryptography Steganography Techniques.International Journal,8(4). In this modern age of technology, digital communication is emerging as important medium for ensuring security of information being transmitted in between the sender and receiver. Hence, security is an essential aspect while exchanging of information to ensure that the information is secure from intruders or attackers. In this paper, the authors Babita and Kaur (2017), have illustrated on the hierarchy of techniques being used for network security. Further, the authors have discussed on Cryptography and Steganography as security mechanisms being used popularly. Cryptography is used for encryptions and decryption of data for secure transmission while Steganography is used to hide data within other cover media. Paper 4 Acharya, K., Sajwan, M. and Bhargava, S., 2014. Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Network Security.International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research,3(2), pp.130-135. The major role being played by cryptography is securing of data while transmission of data or information over network. The function of this technique is to ensure that contents of a message or information are being transmitted confidentially and are not altered. Cryptography is also an essential aspect in context to challenges associated with IT security as it comprises of privacy, confidentiality as well as identity which in turn offers platform for trusted e-commerce along with secure communication. In this paper, the authors Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava (2014), have analyzed some well-known algorithms related to cryptography and demonstrated the differences between existing techniques for encryption. Paper 5 Kapoor, V. and Yadav, R., 2016. A Hybrid Cryptography Technique for Improving Network Security.International Journal of Computer Applications (09758887) Volume. The primary concern of network providers along with service providers is data and security of the network. Hence, cryptographic techniques are being used for ensuring security of data at the time of data transmission for various communication purposes. The traditional cryptographic techniques are unable to provide the required level of security as the attackers now a days are aware of the techniques and knows about the solution. Therefore, there is a need for new type of cryptographic technique so as to improve the security as well as complexity of data cipher. In this paper, Kapoor and Yadav (2016), have presented a hybrid cryptographic technique to improve security of data while transmitting over network. The cryptographic technique that has been proposed in this paper, promises to offer highly secure technique for cipher generation with the help of RSA, DES as well as SHA1 technique. Paper 6 Anandakumar, S., 2015. Image Cryptography Using RSA Algorithm in Network Security.International Journal of Computer Science Engineering Technology,5(9). In this modern world of digital communication, it is crucial that there is application of proper encryption and decryption while data is being transmitted from one place to other through Internet for preventing unauthorized access. In this paper, Anandakumar (2015), have illustrated on Image Cryptography which is considered as a special type of technique for encryption so that data can be hidden in an image to encrypt or decrypt original message on the basis of some key value. In this type of cryptography, RSA algorithm is being used for encrypting image files so that security is enhanced in the area of communication for transmitting data. Significant Paper Critique Introduction The significant paper that has been chosen from the six research papers for this study is Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Network Security, as this paper significantly discusses on the role being played by Cryptography and the various algorithms that are used for network security. The function of Cryptography is to ensure that contents of a message or information are being transmitted confidentially and are not altered. In this paper, the authors Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava (2014), have analyzed some well-known algorithms related to cryptography and demonstrated the differences between existing techniques for encryption. The paper have been chosen to critically evaluate the significance of the work being presented by the authors along with how it contributes to knowledge in the particular area. Further, discussions are carried out on the practical application of work being presented along with evaluating presentation of the paper and providing recommendations for making imp rovements in the work. Significance of the research This research shows that the major role being played by cryptography is securing of data while transmission of data or information over network. The authors of this paper have illustrated that the mechanism based on cryptography are the building blocks for computer security. Cryptography can be associated wherever in the TCP/IP stack, be that as it may not be typical at physical layer. Cryptography is in like manner used as a piece of tangled traditions that help to fulfill unmistakable security organizations, in this way called security traditions. The standard feature of implementing the program for encryption and decryption is generation of encryption key. Presently every day, cryptography has numerous business applications. In the event that classified data has been secured then cryptography gives abnormal state of isolation for individuals and gatherings. In any case, the key reason for the cryptography can be utilized not simply to offer classification, but rather additionally to offer responses for various issues like learning quality, approval and non-renouncement. Cryptography is the strategies that enable data to be sent in a shielded from such that the main genuine radio ready to get to that data. The specialists Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava (2014), have effectively demonstrated that Cryptography not simply shields learning from burglary or change, but rather may likewise be utilized for buyer validation. It is required to utilize powerful techniques for encryption and unscrambling to help learning security. Cryptography gives a few wellbeing destinations to guarantee the isolation of learning, non-modification of information a nd so forth. System security includes the approval of utilization of information in a framework, which can be overseen by the framework overseer. The underlying secured learning is known as plain content. It is secured in to figure content, that will therefore be unscrambled in to workable plain content. Cryptographic estimations are arranged on the establishment of the measure of essential which can be utilized for encryption and decoding. Contribution to knowledge The paper has contributed significantly towards gaining the knowledge and Cryptography and its importance in network security. The authors of the paper have clearly mentioned the various roles being played by cryptography along with different existing cryptographic algorithms. The authors have stated that encryption is not just a gadget for spies and developers, it can be a noteworthy asset in the business world. The authors have also presented a suitable example that whenever valuable information related to business processes or transactions is transmitted through mail or other medium with the help of Internet, then there is a need to use encryption. They also illustrated that there are various other critical applications for encryption that are more unremarkable than trade insider certainties, as budgetary data, helpful or true blue information and so on. From this research paper, knowledge has also been gained that the simple component of encryption is utilizing a scientific capac ity to the plaintext and changing it to an ensured figure. The harder part is to ensure that the people who are probably going to decipher that idea may accomplish this easily, however simply those approved can translate it. The authenticity of the scientific capacity persuading utilized should be built up to ensure that it is adequately muddled and scientifically solid to give a high measure of security. The journalists clarified that cryptographic equations are classified on the premise of the amount of keys which are utilized for encryption as well as decryption. From the review on this paper, it has been determined that before implementation of an encryption algorithm, there is a need to comprehend the hypothesis behind the security i.e. to secured data displayed inside a data or document and to guarantee that the data is incoherent to others. The fundamental sort of the security frame could be the symmetric basic encryption. More, the specialists have demonstrated that in the symmetric basic security both for the security and decoding technique precisely the same is utilized. In this manner the mystery of the key is saved and it is kept private. It works with substantial speed. The symmetric basic security requires place in two approaches both since the block ciphers or supply ciphers. Among the key advantages of utilizing the symmetric fundamental security is that the computational energy to this security strategy is little. The keys for this are unmistakable or there exists a simple change between the two keys. The specialists have likewise fixated on unequal fundamental security which truly is where in reality the keys are distinctive for the strategy for security and the decryption. They are otherwise called individuals fundamental encryption. Open fundamental techniques are vital since they can be used for transmitting security keys or other data solidly quite the both the general population do not have any opportunity to concur with a mystery enter in private. Improper calculations are for the most part steady and it is unrealistic to use them to scramble a lot of information. The keys utilized as a part of open key security calculations are for the most part significantly longer that expands the security of the data being transmitted. Practical application of the work The authors Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava (2014), has discussed about Quantum cryptography in one of the sections of this paper, which is an innovation by which two gatherings can secured framework correspondences by applying the wonders of quantum material science. Thus, that report has a functional program in the realm of electronic correspondence while the security of transmissions depends on the sacredness of the directions of quantum mechanics. By the by, the writers likewise expressed that Quantum cryptography is just used to create and spread an indispensable, not to transmit any importance information but rather that cryptography is not quite the same as regular cryptographic frameworks. It depends more on science, instead of number juggling, as a basic part of their wellbeing model. Quantum cryptography utilizes late learning of science to build up a cryptosystem that cannot be vanquished. This implies it is completely ensured against being traded off without information of t he sender or the recipient of the messages. The master of quantum cryptography is that it disposes of the issue of key dispersion. An individual can propose a vital by sending a few photons with subjective polarizations. That routine would then be able to be appropriately used to deliver a progression of numbers (Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava 2014). The technique is known as quantum key appropriation. In the event that the fundamental component is blocked by a spy, this truly is regularly found and it is of no result, since it is just an arrangement of discretionary segments and could be disposed. The sender would then be able to transmit still another key. After an indispensable has been firmly received, it works to a great degree well to scramble a note that could be conveyed by outdated medium like telephone, email, or common postal mail. The authors of this paper have also illustrated on the various aspects that have to be taken into consideration for selecting appropriate cryptographic scheme. Hence, this paper has a real world application in the field of data and network security for network administrators and service providers. The constraints for selection of appropriate cryptographic algorithm are illustrated as below: Time This factor comprises of determining time that is required to encrypt as well as decrypt data along with the time that is required for fulfilling the requirements before beginning an encryption. Memory This constraint relates to the memory that is required especially for small and smart gadgets such as PDA, smart card as well as RFID tags. Security This factor relates to the certain aspects like confidentially, integrity and availability is being maintained by the encryption scheme that has been selected. Nature of Data This means importance of the data or information that is being transmitted over a network. It is not that much important if it is small in size, then any encryption scheme can be chosen and applied. If the data being transmitted is of utmost importance or it is highly confidential then hybrid scheme that is symmetric + asymmetric have to be selected as the suitable cryptographic scheme. Moreover, Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava (2014), have also presented the various essential aspects upon which the performance of cryptographic algorithms are dependent as below: Tunability It may be truly wanted to figure out how to powerfully decide the secured part and the encryption parameters with respect to different applications and necessities. Settled importance of secured part and secured parameters limits the ease of use of the framework to a restricted gathering of uses. Computational Speed In a few ongoing applications, it is fundamental that the encryption and unscrambling equations are rapidly enough to meet continuous necessities. Basic Period Value In the encryption systems the critical thing organization is the vital perspective that uncovers how the information is scrambled. The photo lessening the encryption extent is dependent on this vital length (Acharya, Sajwan and Bhargava 2014). The symmetric calculation utilizes a variable urgent period which is of the more extended. Consequently, the essential thing organization is a significant perspective in encryption preparing. Encryption Percentage The encryption extent is the measure of the measure of information that will be encoded. Encryption extent should be diminished to decrease the trouble on calculation. Security Issues Cryptographic wellbeing recognizes whether encryption framework is ensured against savage power and different plaintext-figure content assault. For vital media program, it is truly critical that the encryption framework must meet cryptographic security which is surveyed in three levels as negligible, medium and high. Hence, from the above discussions it can be said that the work being presented by the authors has significant importance in the practical world with the emerging trends in digital communication. Presentation of the paper The overall presentation of the paper is good and well-written article with an important message for network administrators and organizations. Overall this article is very straightforward and easily understandable by the readers as it is well structured. This paper has been properly divided into different sections with appropriate headings and subheadings so that the readers can easily determine and get an overview of contents being presented in each section. Recommendations for improvement In order to have more people be engaged and read the whole article it needs a new, more concise introduction. Once the reader gets to the really good examples that are relevant to the everyday importance of Cryptography for ensuring data and network security, a major portion of the article is already gone. Hence, it is recommended that the beginning sections should not only include overview or description of the area but discussions have to be carried out with different examples so that the readers find it easy to understand purpose of the research. Further, an experimental investigation can be carried to provide accurate results on the value of various cryptographic algorithms that have been presented in the paper. The analysis of data is also an important aspect of any research paper which has not been included in this paper, so the inclusion of data analysis will help to achieve proper evaluation of the different cryptographic algorithms. Conclusion From the above discussion being carried out the search paper that has been chosen for this study, it can be concluded that overall presentation of the paper is good and well structured. The language being used while writing this paper is very simple to understand. So that even the readers without practical knowledge of computer security can be well aware of the role being played by cryptography to ensure security of data during transmission over network. The authors have presented in this paper that in this modern world of communication, cryptography is emerging as an important technology for security of networks. The critical review have been presented on the known cryptographic algorithms in a well-structured format to illustrate on the differences among the existing techniques for encryption. The authors have also stated that a good cryptography is that which stays for longer time year after year and a good cryptographic system is that which maintains balance in between the possib le and acceptable. Hence, it has been determined from the review on this particular chosen paper that there is a requirement for more considerable effort on this type of research to ensure secured communication References Acharya, K., Sajwan, M. and Bhargava, S., 2014. Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Network Security.International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research,3(2), pp.130-135. Anandakumar, S., 2015. Image Cryptography Using RSA Algorithm in Network Security.International Journal of Computer Science Engineering Technology,5(9). 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